Wyoming History

Industry Overview | Economy/Cost of Living
Education | Recreation & Entertainment | Transportation
Geography & Climate | Suggested Reading List

The land of Wyoming was originally inhabited by numerous nomadic American Indian tribes, including the Cheyenne and Gros Ventre. Wyoming was discovered by Europeans, in the form of fur trappers, in the mid-18th century. John Colter was the first “American” to explore the territory in 1807.

The majority of original settlements were trading and military posts, constructed along the Oregon Trail to protect travelers from hostile tribes. These posts, such as Ft. Laramie, eventually became hubs around which homesteaders settled and towns were erected. A population explosion occured at the end of the 19th century, which led to much bloodshed between regional tribes and the settlers. In 1870, Wyoming had more than 9,000 inhabitants; by 1900 there was a population of over 90,000 and conflicts were commonplace.

The population explosion coincided with economic and political development, and precipitated statehood. The first great Wyoming industry was cattle ranching, which brought extensive prosperity and growth to the region. The University of Wyoming was opened in 1887, followed by the completion of the Capitol building in 1888. Wyoming was granted admission to the Union, as the 44th state, on July 10, 1890.

Growth throughout the 20th century was fostered by the continued development of industry. Mining became a large economic sector for commodities such as coal, uranium, bentonite, trona, crude petroleum and natural gas. Agriculture, in addition to cattle grazing, also increased in importance. Substantial agricultural wares include hay, vegetables, wheat and sheep. In the latter portion of the century, tourism and service industries gained dominance. In the last few decades, there have been substantial increases in high-technology industries, including the life science sector.

Related Resources